Minneci G, Foti F, Cali G. Crystal Vue Technology in the Study of the Uterine–bladder Interface in a Case of Abnormally Invasive Placenta. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(3):177-178.

Plavsic SK. Ultrasound Simulation— How to Adapt It for Donald School Needs? Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(3):179-183.

To present one-center experience of the management of abnormally invasive placenta (AIP).

This was a retrospective cohort study of clinical cases of abnormally invasive placenta (the AIP) in Perinatal Center (PC), which is part of General Hospital— Regional Clinical Hospital N2 of Krasnodar city, in the period from 2014 to August 2016.

The total number of childbirth for the period was 24 078, and AIP was diagnosed in 0.17%. The average age of women was 31.5 ± 0.8 years. About 97.5% were multiparous women and 85% women in the previous pregnancy had childbirth by cesarean section (CS): One CS—41.18%, two—32.35%, and three—23.53%. An AIP was first diagnosed in pregnancy at 11 to 39 weeks of pregnancy by ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cesarean section performed in the conditions of the X-ray operating of the endovascular department. The relative risk (RR) for accurate diagnosis of AIP by ultrasound was 1.789 ± 0.709 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.446–7.186], and for MRI RR was 0.944 ± 0.142 (95% CI 0.715–1.246). At CS, in 85% of women balloon dilatation of the iliac vessels was performed, in 15%, uterine artery embolization (UAE), and in 72.5%, metroplasty. In 15% of women with AIP were the cause of hysterectomy without adnexa. The total blood loss was 1152.56 ± 107.67 (4,000–35,000) mL or 15.539 ± 1.7374 (5,0000–58,330) mL/kg. Maximum blood loss was in women with placenta previa and its localization in the area of the scar on the uterus that required a hysterectomy.

Despite increasing incidence of AIP, it is possible to prevent massive blood loss during delivery by combined treatment using radiological endovascular procedures for devascularization of the lower pelvis. Early diagnosis of placental abnormalities with regionalized approach in perinatal health makes it possible not only to preserve the women's reproductive health and fertility but also to minimize postpartum hemorrhage.

Penzhoyan G, Novikova V. Management of Abnormally Invasive Placenta: One-center Experience. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(3):184-188.

To ascertain that acrania can lead to anencephaly

We commenced a cross-sectional study for a period of 41 months from 2013 to 2017. During routine ultrasound examination, we observed multiple cases of acrania in second trimester and third trimester. We followed 26 cases who failed to terminate their pregnancies and visited for reexamination. Changes in the brain matter, amniotic fluid volume, and echogenicity of the acrania fetuses were recorded and compared with the previous examination. Development of anencephaly was correlated with maternal age and advancement of gestational age. All the patients were examined transabdominally according to the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) guidelines for obstetrical ultrasound. Data were collected from the previous report and recent examination, by evaluating data with the help of IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24 package, and the results were summarized.

Pregnant women with diagnosed acrania fetus visited second time with a lapse of more than 4 weeks and were enrolled with mean age 25.73 ± 8.80. We observed 4 (15.4%) acrania patients developed into anencephaly. Development of anencephaly was observed to be correlated with the advancement of gestational age. It was observed that acrania is more common in below 20 and above 30 age groups. Haziness of amniotic fluid is also observed to be related with acrania.

Anencephaly could be caused by multiple factors but acrania can lead to anencephaly with continuous exposure of brain matter and meninges to mechanical trauma and chemical activities of the amniotic fluid.

To test the hypothesis of acrania to anencephaly and make a roadmap for upcoming researches on association of acrania with physical, environmental, and genetical factors.

Bacha R, Gilani SA, Manzoor I. Sonographic Transformation of Acrania to Anencephaly. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(3):189-196.

Yusuf M, Galadanci H, Ismail A, Aliyu LD, Danbatta AH. Uterine Artery Doppler Velocimetry for the Prediction of Preeclampsia among High-risk Pregnancies in Low-resource Setting: Our Experience at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(3):197-202.

The objective is to evaluate efficiency of using internal protocol of prophylaxis preterm birth (PB).

Three hundred and seventy gravidas without clinical symptoms of preterm delivery with cervical canal length of <25 mm and on <21 gestation weeks were inspected. Protocol included anamnesis research, 200 mg of daily vaginal progesterone, ultrasound monitoring of length and shape of cervical canal, and distinguished treatment of cervical insufficiency using cerclage or cervical pessary.

Gravidas whose protocol was fully attended have more than dual-fold decrease of extra early preterm delivery risk ratio [4.3 vs 12.3% relative risk (RR) 0.47; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.23–0.99], compared with those whose protocol was attended fractionary. Quantity of unprompted miscarriages in 22+0 week period also decreased dual-fold (6.6 vs 13.8%; RR 0.47; 95% CI 0.23–0.99). The most common mistakes were ignorance of anamnesis data, wrong choice of ways of correction cervical insufficiency, long and ineffective treatment of genital tract infections, and inaccurate estimation of cervical canal.

Usage of effective medication, development of new clinical protocols, and detailed abidance of earlier accepted protocols, mistakes’ analysis, and staff training are reserves of extremely PB decrease.

Belotserkovtseva LD, Kovalenko LV, Ivannikov SE, Mirzoeva GT, Petrova TG. Cervical Incompetence: Modern Clinical Protocols and Real Practice. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(3):203-209.

Ljubic A, Bozanovic T. The Fetal Thorax. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(3):210-224.

Singhania S, Singhania A, Khan S, Kumar V, Singhania P. Prenatal Diagnosis of Cross-fused Renal Ectopia: Still a Dilemma. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(3):225-226.

Al-Baghdadi R, Kika N, Ahmed B, Porovic S. Ex utero Intrapartum Treatment Procedure for Fetal Neck Teratoma. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(3):227-229.

Saleh AM, Al-Baz N, Ahmed B. Congenital Fetal Hydrocolpos with Vaginal Atresia. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(3):230-232.

Hata T. Fetal Neuroimaging. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(3):233-243.

Panchal S. Fetal Neuroimaging. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(3):244-248

Vlãdãreanu R, Berceanu C, Bot M, Vlãdãreanu S. Neurosonography. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(3):249-258