Citation Information :
Bau S, Mercé LT, Barco MJ. 2D and 3D Power Doppler Ultrasound of Endometrium as Implantation Marker. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2008; 2 (2):1-11.
Transvaginal ultrasonography has an important role in assessing the endometrium. With 2DUS, a single measurement of endometrial thickness in the sagittal plane is widely used in assisted reproductive technology and in pregnancy prediction. Endometrial volume, measured with 3DUS, has been studied as a potentially more accurate parameter. The endometrial pattern was related to the likelihood of implantation. This pattern correlated in a positive fashion with subsequent implantation. 3D ultrasound and 3D power Doppler parameters have been applied to assisted reproductive techniques as outcome predictors, although studies are still scarce, they show very promising results.
Realibility of intraobserver and interobserver sonographic endometrial strip thickness measurements. Fertil Steril 1998;10:152-54.
Ultrasound measurement of endometrial thickness on different ovarian stimulation regimens during in vitro fertilization. Hum Reprod 1987;2:545-47.
Sonographic appearance of the endometrium: the predictive value for the outcome of in vitro fertilization in stimulated cycles. Hum Reprod 1992;7:677-80.
Dynamics of endometrial thickness over time: a reappraisal to standardize ultrasonographic measurements in a infertility program. Fertil Steril 2003;80:213-15.
The role of ultrasonography in the evaluation of endometrial receptivity following assisted reproduction treatments: a critical review. Hum Reprod Update 1996;2:323-35.
Lewin A, Navot D, Bar I, Margalioth EJ, Schenker JJ. The value of endometrial measurement in the prediction of pregnancy following in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 1986;45: 824-28.
Assessment of endometrial receptivity for gestation in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization, using endometrial thickness and the endometrium-myometrium relative echogenicity coefficient. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1999;14:194-99.
The detrimental effect of increased endometrial thickness on implantation and pregnancy rates and outcome in an in vitro fertilization program. Fertil Steril 1999;1:147-49.
Increased endometrial thickness on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin injection does not adversely affect pregnancy or implantation rates following in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 2002;77:781-86.
Factors useful in predicting the success of oocyte donation: a 3-year retrospective analysis. Fertil Steril 2001;76:92-97.
Establishment of a successful pregnancy following in vitro fertilization with a endometrial thickness of no more than 4 mm. Hum Reprod 1998;13:1550-52.
High-resolution endovaginal ultrasonography of the endometrium: a non-invasive test for endometrial adequacy. Obstet Gynecol 1991;78:200-04.
Ultrasonic assessment of endometrial changes in stimulated cycles an in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer program. J In Vitro Fertil Embryo Transf 1984;1:233-38.
Assessment of the late proliferative phase endometrium by ultrasonography in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF/ET). Hum Reprod 1991;6:232-37.
Selection of candidates for in vitro fertilization based on color Doppler findings. In Kupesic S, De Ziegler D (Eds): Ultrasound and Infertility. London: The Parthenon Publishing Group 2000;155-68.
New look at endometrial echogenicity: objective computer-assisted measurements predict endometrial receptivity in in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer. Fertil Steril 2000;74:274-81.
Ultrasound markers of implantation. Ultrasound Rev Obstet Gynecol 2002;2:110-23.
Assessment of endometrial receptivity by transvaginal color Doppler and threedimensional power Doppler ultrasonography in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization procedures. J Ultrasound Med 2001;20:125-34.
Colour Doppler changes and thromboxane production after ovarian stimulation with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist. Human Reprod 1997;11:2477-82.
Endometrial thickness, morphology, vascular penetration and velocimetry in predicting implantation in an in vitro fertilization program. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1995;6:191-98.
The Menstrual Cycle, Menopause, Ovulation Induction, an In Vitro fertilization. In: Copel JA, Reed KL. Doppler Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. New York: Raven Press 1995;71-86.
Assessment of uterine receptivity by the endometrial-subendometrial blood flow distribution pattern in women undergoing in vitro fertilizationembryo transfer. Fertil Steril 2002;78:245-51.
Endometrial vascularity and ongoing pregnancy after IVF. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2002;104:137-43.
Association of endometrial blood flow as determined by a modified colour Doppler technique with subsequent outcome of in vitro fertilization. Hum Reprod 1999;14:1606-10.
Quantitative assessment of subendometrial blood flow by three-dimensional-ultrasound is an important predictive factor of implantation in an in vitro fertilization programme. Hum Reprod 2000;15:89-94.
Three dimensional ultrasound, accuracy of distance and volume measurements. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1996;8:588-91.
Transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound: reproducibility of ovarian and endometrial volume measurements. Fertil Steril 1996;66:718-22.
Reproducibility of transvaginal three-dimensional endometrial volume measurements during ovarian stimulation. Hum Reprod 1999;14:2604-8.
Reproducibility of three-dimensional ultrasound endometrial volume measurements in patients with postmenopausal bleeding. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2002; 19: 282-86.
The reproducibility of endometrial volume acquisition and measurement with the VOCAL-imaging program. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2002;19:69-75.
Reproducibility of transvaginal three-dimensional endometrial volume measurements with virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL) during ovarian stimulation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2002; 19:76-80.
The interobserver reliability and validity of volume calculation from three-dimensional ultrasound datasets in the in vitro setting. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2003;21:283-91.
Endometrial volume change during spontaneous menstrual cycles: volumetry by transvaginal threedimensional ultrasound. Fertil Steril 1997;68:831-35.
Three-dimensional endometrial volume estimation as a predictor of pituitary down-regulation in an IVF-embryo transfer programme. Hum Reprod 2000;15:1698-702.
Endometrial volume and thickness measurements predict pituitary suppression and non-suppression during IVF. Hum Reprod 2002;17:3110-13.
Assessment of endometrial volume by three-dimensional ultrasound prior to embryo transfer: clues to endometrial receptivity. Hum Reprod 1999;14:2851-54.
Assessment of endometrial receptivity by transvaginal color Doppler and threedimensional power Doppler ultrasonography in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization procedures. J Ultrasound Med 2001;20:125-34.
Three-dimensional endometrial volume calculation and pregnancy rate in an in vitro fertilization programme. Hum Reprod 1999;14:1255-58.
Endometrial receptivity in an in vitro fertilization program as assessed by spiral artery blood flow, endometrial thickness, endometrial volume, and uterine artery blood flow. Fertil Steril 2001;75:361-66.
Impact of three-dimensionally measured endometrial volume on the pregnancy rate after intrauterine insemination. Zentral Gynakol 2003;125:136-41.
The reliability of virtual organ computer-aided analysis (VOCAL) for the semiquantification of ovarian, endometrial and subendometrial perfusion. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2003;22:633-39.
Intraobserver and interobserver variability of ovarian volume, gray-scale and color flow indices obtained using transvaginal three-dimensional power Doppler ultrasonography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2003;21:277-82.
A new view of interobserver agreement . Pers Psychol 1963;16:373-84.
Detection of the subendometrial vascularization blood flow by three-dimensional ultrasound may be useful for predicting the pregnancy rate for patients undergoing in vitro fertilizationembryo transfer. Fertil Steril 2003;79:507-11.
Placing values on pictures: what information is there in color flow images and how can we use it?. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001;17:189-90.
Validation of fractional moving blood volume measurement with power Doppler ultrasound in an experimental sheep model. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2004;23:363-8.
