Congenital anomalies of the neck are rare or uncommon conditions, and for this reason their real incidence is practically unknown. Due to the particular anatomical topography, these abnormalities may comprise certain pathophysiological interferences with the base of the fetal skull, mouth, thorax, mediastinum, or musculoskeletal structures.
Thus, even with the contribution of new obstetric imaging perspectives, such as fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the precise prenatal diagnosis of such anomalies represents a real challenge.
The most important anomalies of the fetal neck, which we present in this systematic review, are represented by cystic hygroma (CH), neck teratoma, fetal goiter and fetal thyroid masses, branchial anomalies, vascular neck abnormalities, thyroglossal duct cyst, cervical thymic cyst, other rare anomalies of the fetal neck, and congenital high airway obstruction syndrome.
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