Centrally placed in the uterus, the endometrium covers the cavity of the uterus. It changes in structure and thickness with growing age and also in different phases of the menstrual cycle. The later changes are dependent chiefly on estrogen and progesterone. Transvaginal ultrasound is the modality of choice for its assessment. Endometrial pathologies may be inflammatory, may be due to an abnormal response to hormones, or may be benign or malignant neoplasms. The endometrium has a typical vascular pattern during different phases of the menstrual cycle and also has a typical branching pattern specific to different pathologies. Doppler therefore plays a very important role in understanding and evaluating the physiological changes as well as for the differential diagnosis of endometrial pathologies. 3D ultrasound with 3D power Doppler helps for a better understanding of the endometrial pathologies.
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