Citation Information :
Ichizuka K, Matsuoka R, Okai T. Ultrasonic Studies on Amniotic Fluid Umbilical Cord and Placenta. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2011; 5 (1):65-72.
Detail evaluation of amniotic fluid, umbilical cord and placenta has been obtained by means of ultrasound new technology, including 3D color Doppler imaging. This paper summarizes fetal membrane anatomy and disorders using many ultrasound images taken by not only 2D gray scale ultrasound but also 3D color Doppler images.
Amniotic fluid volume assessment with the four-quadrant technique at 36-42 weeks’ gestation. J Reprod Med 1987;32(7):540-42.
Superiority of the four-quadrant sum over the singledeepest-pocket technique in ultrasonographic identification of abnormal amniotic fluid volumes. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1990;163(3):762-67.
The evidence for abandoning the amniotic fluid index in favor of the single deepest pocket. Am J Perinatol 2007;24(9):549-55.
Amniotic fluid index versus single deepest vertical pocket: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009;104(3):184-88.
Non-coiled umbilical blood vessels: A new marker for the fetus at risk. Obstet Gynecol 1993;81(3):409-11.
Umbilical coiling index in normal and complicated pregnancies. Obstet Gynecol 2006;107(5):1049-55.
Adverse perinatal outcome in patients with an abnormal umbilical coiling index. Obstet Gynecol 1995;85(4):573-77.
Sonographic estimation of umbilical coiling index and correlation with Doppler flow characteristics. Obstet Gynecol 1995;86(6): 990-93.
The umbilical coiling index: A review of the literature. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2005;17(2):93-100.
Velamentous cord insertion into the lower third of the uterus is associated with intrapartum fetal heart rate abnormalities. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2006;27(4):425-29.
The umbilical cord complications of true knots, nuchal coils, and cords around the body. Report from the collaborative study of cerebral palsy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1966;94(8):1136-42.
Multiple nuchal cord entanglements and intrapartum complications. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995;173(4):1228-31.
Risk factors and outcomes associated with nuchal cord: A population-based study. J Reprod Med 1999;44(1):39-45.
Single umbilical artery: A statistical analysis of 237 autopsy cases and review of the literature. Perspect Pediatr Pathol 1984;8(4):345-78.
Sonographic spectrum of placental abruption. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1987;148(1):161-64.
