Donald School Journal of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Register      Login

VOLUME 1 , ISSUE 4 ( October-December, 2007 ) > List of Articles

RESEARCH ARTICLE

Evaluation of Early Pregnancy Failure with Ultrasound

Janet M Burlingame

Keywords : Ultrasound,first trimester,pregnancy failure,review

Citation Information : Burlingame JM. Evaluation of Early Pregnancy Failure with Ultrasound. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2007; 1 (4):18-23.

DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10009-1115

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 01-12-2008

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2007; The Author(s).


Abstract

Ultrasound has developed into a powerful tool in the management of early pregnancy failure. However, there is no single finding or measurement that should be used in making a final diagnosis of early pregnancy failure. Instead a combination of clinical, hormonal and ultrasound findings should be used when deciding on the clinical management course.


PDF Share
  1. Biological effects of ultrasound: development of safety guidelines. Part I: personal histories. Ultrasound Med Biol 2000;26(6):911-64.
  2. The Radiological Society of North America. Diamond Jubilee lecture. Seeing with sound. Radiology 1990;175(1):23-7.
  3. The earliest detection of fetal heart activity by ultrasound. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 967;27(2):176-80.
  4. Conceptual age and ultrasound measurements of gestational sac and crown-rump length in vitro fertilization pregnancies. Fertil Steril 1988;49(6):1012-7.
  5. Early gestation: correlation of HCG levels and sonographic identification. Am J Roentgenol 1985;144(5):951-4.
  6. Ultrasound dating at 12-14 weeks of gestation. A prospective cross-validation of established dating formulae in in vitro fertilized pregnancies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2005;26(5):504-11.
  7. Predicting delivery date by ultrasound and last menstrual period in early gestation. Obstet Gynecol 2001;97(2):189-94.
  8. Accurate gestational dating: revisited. Am J Perinatol 1994;11(6):404-8.
  9. Predictors of success of methotrexate treatment in women with tubal ectopic pregnancies. N Engl J Med 1999;341(26):1974-8.
  10. Endovaginal ultrasonographic measurement of early embryonic size as a means of assessing gestational age. J Ultrasound Med 1994;13(1):27-31.
  11. A critical evaluation of sonar “crown-rump length” measurements. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1975;82(9):702-10.
  12. The crown-rump length in early human pregnancy: a reappraisal. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1991;98(5):460-2.
  13. Sonographic estimation of fetal age and weight. Radiol Clin North Am 1990;28(1):39-50.
  14. Intradecidual sign: a US criterion of early intrauterine pregnancy. Radiology 1986;161(2):463-7.
  15. Intradecidual sign: is it effective in diagnosis of an early intrauterine pregnancy? Radiology 1997;204(3):655-60.
  16. Transvaginal sonography in the evaluation of normal early pregnancy: correlation with hCG level. Am J Roentgenol 1989;153(1):75-9.
  17. Treatment of ectopic pregnancy: is a human chorionic gonadotropin level of 2,000 mIU/ml a reasonable threshold? Radiology 1997;205(2):569-73.
  18. Transvaginal sonography and human chorionic gonadotrophin measurements in suspected ectopic pregnancy: a detailed analysis of a diagnostic approach. Hum Reprod 1993;8(8):1307-11.
  19. Normal intrauterine pregnancy is unlikely in emergency department patients with either menstrual days > 38 days or beta-hCG > 3,000 mIU/ml, but without a gestational sac on ultrasonography. Acad Emerg Med 1997;4(10):967-71.
  20. The double sac sign of early intrauterine pregnancy: use in exclusion of ectopic pregnancy. Radiology 1982;143(1):223-6.
  21. Value of the yolk sac in evaluating early pregnancies. J Ultrasound Med 1988;7(3):129-35.
  22. Can detection of the yolk sac in the first trimester be used to predict the outcome of pregnancy? A prospective sonographic study. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1992;158(4):843-7.
  23. Threatened abortion: sonographic distinction of normal and abnormal gestation sacs. Radiology 1986;158(2):397-400.
  24. Yolk sac diameter and shape at endovaginal US: predictors of pregnancy outcome in the first trimester. Radiology 1992;183(1):115-8.
  25. Correlation between karyotype and ultrasound findings in patients with failed early pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1996;8(5):314-7.
  26. SOGC clinical practice guidelines. Ultrasound evaluation of first trimester pregnancy complications. Number 161, June 2005. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2006;93(1):77-81.
  27. The role of ultrasound imaging in diagnosing and investigating early pregnancy failure. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2005;25(6):613-24.
  28. What's new in first trimester ultrasound. Radiol Clin North Am 2003;41(4):663-79.
  29. Distinguishing normal from abnormal gestational sac growth in early pregnancy. J Ultrasound Med 1987;6(1):23-7.
  30. Relationship of initial chorionic sac diameter to abortion and abortus karyotype based on new growth curves for the 16th to 49th post-ovulation day. Hum Reprod 1994;9(3):559-65.
  31. Small sac size in the first trimester: a predictor of poor fetal outcome. Radiology 1991;178(2):375-7.
  32. Small sac size as a predictor of poor fetal outcome. Radiology 1992;184(2):578.
  33. Yolk sac sign: sonographic appearance of the fetal yolk sac in missed abortion. J Ultrasound Med 1986;5(8):435-8.
  34. Transvaginal sonography in threatened abortions with empty gestational sacs. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1994;46(3):297-301.
  35. Predicting pregnancy failure in ‘empty’ gestational sacs. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2003;21(1):9-12.
  36. First-trimester US parameters of failed pregnancy. Radiology 1997;203(1):211-7.
  37. Early transvaginal sonography following an accurately dated pregnancy: the importance of finding a yolk sac or fetal heart motion. Hum Reprod 1997;12(12):2820-3.
  38. Clinical and ultrasonic aspects in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with early pregnancy failure. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1980;59(5):405-9.
  39. Embryonic heart rates: development in early first trimester and clinical evaluation. Gynecol Obstet Invest 1991;32(4):210-2.
  40. Embryonic heart rate in human pregnancy. J Ultrasound Med 1991;10(7):367-71.
  41. Endovaginal US: demonstration of cardiac activity in embryos of less than 5.0 mm in crown-rump length. Radiology 1990;176(1):71-4.
  42. Embryonic heart rate in early pregnancy. J Clin Ultrasound 1998;26(1):33-6.
  43. Long-term prognosis of pregnancies complicated by slow embryonic heart rates in the early first trimester. J Ultrasound Med 1999;18(8):537-41.
  44. Outcome of first-trimester pregnancies with slow embryonic heart rate at 6-7 weeks gestation and normal heart rate by 8 weeks at US. Radiology 2005;236(2):643-6.
  45. Significance of hyper-echogenic yolk sac in first-trimester screening for chromosome aneuploidy. Orv Hetil 1996;137(42):2313-5.
  46. The yolk sac in early pregnancy failure. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1988;158(1):137-42.
  47. Chromosomal analysis of early fetal losses in relation to transvaginal ultrasonographic detection of fetal heart motion after infertility. Fertil Steril 1998;69(2):274-7.
  48. Expectant management of incomplete, spontaneous first-trimester miscarriage: outcome according to initial ultrasound criteria and value of follow-up visits. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2002;19(6):580-2.
  49. The role of ultrasound in the expectant management of early pregnancy loss. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001;17(6):506-9.
  50. The role of uterine artery Doppler in predicting adverse pregnancy outcome. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2004;18(3):383-96.
  51. Assessment of trophoblastic flow in abnormal first trimester intrauterine pregnancy. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 1997;59(1):1-6.
  52. Color Doppler imaging of the uteroplacental circulation in the first trimester: value in predicting pregnancy failure or complication. Am J Roentgenol 1995;164(5):1255-8.
  53. First-trimester screening for pre-eclampsia. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2005;26(5):487-9.
  54. Uteroplacental circulation development: Doppler assessment and clinical importance. Placenta 2001;22(10):795-9.
  55. Uterine artery Doppler at 11-14 weeks of gestation to screen for hypertensive disorders and associated complications in an unselected population. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2005;26(5):490-4.
  56. Transvaginal Doppler ultrasound of the uteroplacental circulation in the early prediction of pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1997;104(6):674-81.
  57. Transvaginal uterine and umbilical artery Doppler examination of 12-16 weeks and the subsequent development of pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1997;9(2):94-100.
  58. Development of early uteroplacental circulation. Early Pregnancy 2001;5(1):34-5.
  59. Doppler sonographic findings for hypertension in pregnancy and HELLP syndrome. J Perinat Med 1999;27(5):388-94.
  60. The longitudinal variation in uterine artery blood flow pattern in relation to birth weight. Obstet Gynecol 2004;103(4):764-8.
  61. Prognostic significance of morphologic changes of the corpus luteum by transvaginal sonography in early pregnancy monitoring. Obstet Gynecol 1995;85(1):37-41.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.